4. Listening: Three Modes of Listening

Michel Chion has described three listening modes: 

  1. Causal Listening - listening in order to gather information about its cause.

  2. Semantic Listening - referring to the interpretation of a code or language.

  3. Reduced Listening - a focus on the sound themselves, independent of its cause and meaning. 

These three modes of listening involve directed attention; the active and conscious choice to process sounds in order to grasp an understanding.

Conversely, hearing is the act of perceiving sounds indiscriminately.

The cinema is a site for both listening and hearing; active auditory attention and ambient reception.